Describe the characteristics of living organisms.

Compare the structures of an unspecialised plant and animal cell and selected microbes.

State the functions of cell structures and organelles.

Relate the structure of selected cells to their function.

Explain the importance of cell specialisation in humans.

Explain the importance of passive and active transport in living systems.

Conduct simple investigations on osmosis and diffusion.

Explain the process of photosynthesis.

Investigate the effect of light and chlorophyll on the production of starch.

Explain the ways in which other living organisms depend on plants directly or indirectly for food.

Explain the principles of a food chain and food web.

Construct a food chain and food web from a selected habitat.

Describe the recycling of carbon in nature.

Distinguish between macro and micro nutrients.

Discuss the functions of macro nutrients.

Discuss the functions of micronutrients.

State the cause, symptoms and treatment of deficiency diseases.

Classify vitamins as fat or water soluble.

Perform tests to distinguish among food nutrients.

State the functions of water in the body.

Explain the role of dietary fibre in the body.

Describe the causes and effects of constipation and diarrhoea.

Discuss the importance of a balanced diet.

Discuss the effects of malnutrition on the human body.

Determine Body Mass Index (BMI).

Relate the types of teeth present in an infant and an adult human to their roles.

Explain the importance of teeth in the process of digestion.

Relate the structures of the tooth to their functions.

Describe the processes of digestion and absorption of food in the alimentary canal.

Explain the importance of breathing in humans.

Relate the structures of the respiratory tract to their functions.

Explain the need for a transport system in the human body.

Relate the components of the blood to its function.

Identify the major bones of the skeleton.

Discuss the importance of excretion in human beings.

Describe the main divisions of the nervous system.

Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction.

Distinguish among DNA, chromosomes, genes and alleles.

Describe the process of mitosis.

Explain the importance of mitosis.

Describe the process of meiosis.

Explain the importance of meiosis.

Explain the inheritance of a single pair of characteristics (monohybrid inheritance).

Describe the inheritance of sex in human beings.

Explain why genetic variation is important to living organisms.

Distinguish between genetic variation and environmental variation.

Discuss natural selection.

Explain the concept of genetic engineering.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering.

Define the terms health and disease.

Classify the types of diseases.

Differentiate between signs and symptoms of diseases.

Discuss respiratory diseases.

Discuss gastrointestinal diseases.

Discuss sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Discuss Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS).

Discuss chronic/lifestyle-related diseases.

Discuss cancers.

Discuss the impact of diseases on the human population.

Discuss the effect of vectors on human health.

Describe the life cycle of the mosquito and housefly.

Discuss mosquito-borne diseases.

Explain the importance and methods of controlling vectors which affect human health.

Explain how and why personal hygiene is maintained.

Explain the methods used to control the growth of microorganisms.

Explain the types of immunity.

Discuss the use and misuse of drugs on humans.

Identify pollutants in the environment.

Discuss the causes of water and air pollution.

Describe the effects of pollutants on human beings and the environment.

Explain the methods of controlling pollution.

Describe the water cycle.

Describe simple ways of purifying water in the home.

Describe the process of testing water for bacteria.

Describe the processes involved in large-scale water purification.

Discuss the impact of human activities on water supplies.

Explain why contaminated water is detrimental to human beings.

Distinguish between proper and improper sewage disposal practices.

Evaluate the efficiency of the methods of domestic refuse disposal.

Differentiate between a dump and a landfill.

Discuss the importance of landfills in the Caribbean.

Evaluate the impact of solid waste on the environment.

Analyse measures used to control solid waste volume.

Distinguish between the terms biodegradable and non-biodegradable.

Discuss the impact of environmental issues on humans.